Ntev npaum li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau hnub tas sij hawm?

Cia peb fim nws, cov tshuaj yuav kim. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj nkag siab tias yog vim li cas leej twg yuav tsis kam pov tshuaj yog tias lawv dhau hnub tas sij hawm (ntau npaum li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau). Yog li, lo lus nug yog: ntev npaum li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau? Thiab koj puas tuaj yeem noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tas mus li? Mus nyeem ntawv kom paub.

Hnub Kawg Ua Dab Tsi?

Zoo li cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus, cov ntawv sau tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj hauv khw muag khoom (OTC) muaj hnub tas sij hawm. Tsis zoo li cov khoom noj thiab dej haus, txawm li cas los xij, cov hnub tas sij hawm no tsis tas txhais tau tias tib yam. Xyoo 1979, Lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) xav kom cov tuam txhab tshuaj muab hnub tas sij hawm ntawm lawv cov khoom. Hnub tas sij hawm sawv cev rau "hnub uas cov chaw tsim khoom tseem tuaj yeem lav tag nrho lub zog thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj."¹ Raws li Pharmacy Times, tom qab lawv hnub tsim khoom, feem ntau cov tshuaj muaj hnub tas sij hawm ntawm 12 txog 60 lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tias cov tshuaj noj xws li tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj OTC tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov txawm tias dhau hnub tas sij hawm.

Ntev npaum li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau ib zaug?

Ntev npaum li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau

Raws li FDA, txhawm rau npaj kom muaj xwm txheej ceev rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv, tsoomfwv thiab txawm tias qee tus neeg koom tes ntiag tug tuaj yeem khaws cia cov kev ntsuas kho mob (MCMs). Tau kawg, hnub tas sij hawm ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov tshuaj khaws cia. Hloov cov tshuaj no yuav kim heev. Raws li qhov teeb meem no, FDA tau ua qhov kev sim ntxiv. Lawv tau lees paub tias "qee yam khoom tseem nyob ruaj khov tshaj lawv cov ntawv teev npe tas hnub thaum khaws cia zoo."² Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas Shelf Life Extension Program (SLEP) los ua si. Kev tswj hwm los ntawm US Department of Defense, SLEP tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1986. Nws lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau ncua hnub tas sij hawm ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob xaiv tom qab lawv dhau los ntawm kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm FDA tau qhia tias "90% ntawm ntau dua 100 tshuaj, ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab hauv khw muag khoom, tau zoo kawg nkaus siv txawm tias 15 xyoo tom qab hnub tas sij hawm."³

lwm kawm los ntawm Cantrell thiab cov npoj yaig kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm yim tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no tau tas sij hawm tsawg kawg yog 28 txog 40 xyoo. Txhua yam tshuaj muaj 15 yam khoom xyaw sib txawv thiab txhua yam tsis tau qhib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pab pawg tsis tau sim ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag, homatropine, vim tias tsis muaj qauv rau kev tshuaj xyuas⁴. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias "12 ntawm 14 cov tshuaj sib txuas tau sim (86%) muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg yog 90% ntawm cov ntawv sau npe" rau tsawg kawg 336 lub hlis.⁵. Txhawm rau muab qhov no rau hauv qhov kev xav, FDA tso cai rau "kev hloov pauv tsim nyog". Qhov no tsuas yog ntev npaum li "feem ntau cov tshuaj lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas muaj 90% mus rau 110% ntawm cov khoom xyaw uas tau thov rau ntawm daim ntawv lo."⁶

Koj puas tuaj yeem noj tshuaj tua kab mob tas mus li?

Kev tshawb fawb txhawb nqa tias cov tshuaj noj thiab OTC tseem tuaj yeem khaws lawv lub zog zoo tshaj hnub tas sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj qee qib ceev faj. Nco ntsoov tias cov kev tshawb fawb no muaj cov qauv uas tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej kom raug. Cov tshuaj no kuj tseem nyob hauv lawv cov thawv qub. Raws li Dr. Robbe C. Lyon, FDA tus thawj coj ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom lag luam zoo, cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov hnub tas sij hawm. Qhov no yog vim tias SLEP qhov kev tshawb pom tsuas yog siv rau "cov tshuaj khaws cia hauv cov thawv qub raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws."⁷ Nws tau piav qhia tias thaum ib tus neeg qhib lub thawv, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj raug cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem xav txog. Qhov no ua rau nws "tsis yooj yim rau kev kwv yees cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig."⁸ Nws yog qhov tseeb tias "cia hauv cov cua kub los yog cov av noo tuaj yeem ua kom cov degradation ntawm qee cov tshuaj formulations." ⁹ Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee cov tshuaj tau khaws lawv lub zog thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj li hnub tas sij hawm. ib tug Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiav tshuaj captopril, cov ntsiav tshuaj theophylline, thiab cefoxitin sodium zog rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no tau khaws cia ntawm 40 degrees Celsius nrog cov av noo ntawm 75%. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov tshuaj no tseem nyob ruaj khov li ntawm 1.5 xyoo mus rau 9 xyoo dhau los ntawm hnub tas sijhawm¹⁰. Tsis tas li, Tsab ntawv kho mob sau tias "muaj tsis muaj luam tawm cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm tib neeg toxicity vim noj, txhaj tshuaj, los yog tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm cov tshuaj tam sim no formulation tom qab nws tas sij hawm. "

kawg lo lus

Yog li, ntev npaum li cas cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau yav dhau los hnub tas? Cov lus teb luv luv yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ruaj khov thiab khaws cov potency tag nrho rau qee lub sijhawm dhau hnub tas sijhawm yog tias koj tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov zoo tagnrho. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus nug tseem ceeb yog: tau koj noj tshuaj tua kab mob tas sij hawm? Txog thaum muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj dhau los ntawm hnub tas sij hawm, peb xav qhia kom ua yuam kev ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob thiab tsis txhob noj nws tus kheej nrog cov tshuaj uas tas sij hawm. Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj kim kim, nco ntsoov mus saib peb ntu rau tshuaj thiab txo cov tshuaj OTCCov. Peb kuj muaj pheej yig noj tshuaj kom txhua tus hauv koj tsev neeg noj qab nyob zoo! Nco ntsoov, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj noj tag nrho tsuas yog tiv thaiv kab mob. Ua tib zoo saib cov no 7 txoj hauv kev kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntev. Thiab tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab ua raws li cov lus qhia no tsim kom muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo hnub no zoo li!