Isifo seswekile siyingozi kwaye sisifo esingapheliyo apho umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa amandla asuka ekutyeni esikutyayo. Isifo seswekile siziindidi ezintathu; gestational, uhlobo 1, kunye nohlobo 2 seswekile.
Ngokomphando, ngoxa zonke iintlobo zesifo seswekile zingafani, zinezinto ezithile ezifanayo. Iswekile kunye nekhabhohayidrethi ekutyeni esikutyayo zohlulwa zibe yiglucose esebenza njengamafutha azo zonke iiseli. Noko ke, ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukufunxa iswekile kwaye uyisebenzise kakuhle, iiseli zifuna ihomoni esegazini ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin. Kwisifo seswekile, umzimba uyasilela ukwenza isixa esaneleyo se-insulin okanye awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin oyivelisayo. Kwezinye iimeko, inokuba yindibaniselwano yazo zombini.
Iiseli ziyasilela ekuthatheni iswekile ngenxa yokuba iqhubeka nokukhula egazini. Iswekile yegazi kumanqanaba aphezulu inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, intliziyo, amehlo, okanye izintso. Ngoko ke, isifo seswekile, ukuba asinyangwa, sinokukhokelela kubumfama, ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo, isifo sezintso, isifo sentliziyo nestroke.
Ukwahlula uhlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
Ukuza kumahluko, Kuzo zombini uhlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, umntu unezinga elingaqhelekanga leshukela legazi; nangona kunjalo, ezi zimbini ziyahluka malunga nophuhliso kunye nezinto ezibangela isifo seswekile.
Ngokwahlukileyo kwinkolelo eqhelekileyo, uhlobo lwesifo seswekile umntu anaso ngokufuthi alucaci. Umzekelo, abantu bacinga ukuba umntu utyebe kakhulu kwaye akayitobi i-insulin, ngoko ke unesifo seswekile se-2. Ngokufanayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba abo bafunyaniswa benesifo seswekile se-1 baya kuba nobunzima.
Inyaniso kukuba, oku akusoloko kunjalo; malunga nesinye kwisihlanu sabantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesi-2 banobunzima obunempilo xa befunyaniswa kwaye baxhomekeke kwi-insulin. Ngokunjalo, abantu abafunyaniswa benesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 banokutyeba kakhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-1 vs uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
Ekubeni zombini ezi ntlobo zesifo seswekile zingalindelekanga kwaye zahlukene, ukufumanisa uhlobo lweswekile kunokuba luqilima. Ngokomzekelo, ukucinga ukuba umntu ogqithiseleyo onamaqondo aphezulu e-glucose yegazi unohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile inokungalunganga kuba izinto ezibangele ukugula okuxeliweyo kunokubangelwa kuhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile.
Uhlobo lwe-1 sikashukela
Ikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin, uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile luqala ngexesha lobuntwana. Yimeko ye-autoimmune eyenzeka xa umzimba uvelisa amajoni omzimba ukuhlasela i-pancreas yawo. Ekubeni i-pancreas yonakele, ayenzi nayiphi na i-insulin.
Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela uhlobo loku-1 lweswekile. Ngokomzekelo, isenokuba ngenxa yemfuza. Ngokufanayo, inokuba kungenxa yeeseli ezingalunganga ze-beta kwi-pancreas ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-insulin.
Udidi loku-1 lweswekile lubandakanya iingozi ezininzi zonyango, kwaye uninzi lwazo lwenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo yegazi edlula kwizintso, imithambo-luvo namehlo. Ngaphezu koko, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sistroke kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
Inkqubo yonyango yohlobo loku-1 lweswekile ibandakanya umntu ofaka i-insulin kwizicubu ezinamafutha ngesikhumba. Ngaphaya koko, abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 kufuneka benze utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yabo yokuphila kubandakanya ukucwangcisa ukutya kwabo ngononophelo, ukwenza umthambo yonke imihla, ukuvavanya amanqanaba eswekile yegazi rhoqo, kunye nokuthatha amayeza kunye ne-insulin ngexesha.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba abantu abanesifo seswekile se-1 banokonwabela ubomi obusebenzayo kunye nobomi obude ukuba bajonga i-glucose yegazi ngokusondeleyo, balandele isicwangciso sonyango esimiselweyo, kwaye benze utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwindlela yabo yokuphila.
Uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela
Udidi lwesi-2 lweswekile luthathwa njengolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwesifo seswekile kwaye lungunobangela we-95% yabantu abadala. Ngaphambili, uhlobo lwe-2 lwalusetyenziselwa ukubizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile sabantu abadala, nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwenani labantwana abatyebileyo nabatyebileyo kule mihla, ulutsha oluninzi luphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.
Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile lukwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile esingaxhomekekanga kwi-insulin kwaye luhlobo oluthile lwesigulo xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo lwe-1. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile lunokukhokelela kwimiba emikhulu yempilo, ngokukodwa kwimithanjana encinci yegazi edlula amehlo, imithambo-luvo. , nezintso kwaye banoxanduva lokuzondla. Kanye njengohlobo loku-1 lweswekile, uhlobo lwe-2 lunyusa umngcipheko we-stroke kunye nesifo senhliziyo.
I-pancreas, kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, ivelisa inani elithile le-insulin; kunjalo, isixa mhlawumbi akwanelanga ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zomzimba, okanye iiseli ukumelana kuyo. Oku kuxhathisa i-insulin okanye ukungabikho kovakalelo kwihomoni ye-insulin kwenzeka kakhulu kwiiseli zemisipha, isibindi kunye namafutha.
Abantu abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo abangaphezulu kwe-20% yobunzima bomzimba babo obufanelekileyo ngokobude babo basemngciphekweni owongeziweyo wokuba lixhoba lohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kunye nemiba yezonyango eza kunye nesigulo esinjalo. Abantu abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo bahlala bexhathisa kwi-insulin nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-pancreas kufuneka ifake kabini umzamo, ubuncinane, ukuvelisa inani elaneleyo le-insulin. Nokuba kunjalo, i-insulin ayikanelanga ukulawula iswekile yegazi.
Nangona lungekho unyango lwesifo seswekile, uhlobo lwe-2 lunokulawulwa ngoncedo lokuzilolonga, ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokulawula ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lweswekile luyakhula, kwaye amayeza ahlala efuneka.
Amayeza ohlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
Oku kulandelayo ngamanye amayeza angasetyenziselwa ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo uhlobo loku-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.
Actos (Pioglitazone)
Iyeza elimiselweyo, i-Actos isetyenziswa kunye nokuzivocavoca kunye nokutya ekuphuculeni iswekile yegazi yabantu abafunyanwe benesifo seswekile se-2. Ngaphezu koko, Izenzo inokusetyenziswa kunye namanye amayeza okanye i-insulin; nangona kunjalo, ayifanelekanga ukunyanga isifo seswekile se-1.
IGlucophage XR (iMetformin XR)
I-Glucophage XR inokusetyenziswa nokuba yodwa okanye kunye namanye amayeza okanye i-insulin kunyango lwe-2 yeswekile. Ikwasebenza ekulawuleni iswekile yegazi.
Olunye ukhetho lwamayeza kwisifo seswekile ziquka iAlphatrak meterkit, iAvapro (Irbesartan), Glucophage I-Metformin, i-Glucotrol XL Glipizide ER, i-Amaryl (i-Gliepiride), i-Janumet, kunye nokunye.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho iiyantlukwano xa uthetha nge-Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes mpikiswano. Kwakhona, amayeza akhona kuzo zombini iindidi ekucetyiswa ukuba adityaniswe notshintsho lwendlela yokuphila yokuphila ngcono.