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ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ

ื‘ื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ 2 ืžื’, 8 ืžื’ ืกื•ื‘ืึธืงืกืึธื ืข (ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก)

ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: $2.20.ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื–: $ 2.20. ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคึผืขืจ ืคึผื™ืœ

ื‘ื•ืคืจื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ (ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก)  ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื™ืึธื™ื“ ืึทื ืึทืœื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื™ืง. ืึธืคึผื™ืึธื™ื“ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืืœ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก.
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.
ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืœื™ืžืขื“.

ืกืงื•: ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข-2-ืžื’-8-ืžื’-ืกื•ื‘ืึธืงืกืึธื ืข-ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข: ื˜ืึทื’ืก: , ,

ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ

ืคืึทืœืฉ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืจื•ื’ืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข. ืงืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื•ืกืึทื“ื–ืฉ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึทืจืงืึธื˜ื™ืง ื“ืจื•ื’ืก, ื‘ื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš, ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ.

ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฆืขื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื ืึทืก ืคืœื•ื™ื“ืก. ื“ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืจื•ื’ืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ, ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึท-ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ (ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก (ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืง)). ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื™ื™ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ. ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื– ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข.

ื ืึธืš ืคึผืจืึทืœืึธื ื’ื“ ื ื•ืฆืŸ, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืึทื‘ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื“ืจืึธืึทืœ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ. ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื“ืจืึธืึทืœ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ืข ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืกื˜ืึธืคึผืคึผื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ.

ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืจืึทื˜ืขืก. ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ืื™ืจ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ (ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก)?

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึทืœืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ (ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก (ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืง)) ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืœืึธืงืกืึธื ืข (ื ืึทืจืงืึทืŸ), ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 4 ืฉืขื”.

ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก:

ืึทื–ืžืึท, ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคึผื•ืœืžืึทื ืขืจื™ ืงืจืขื ืง, ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืึทืคึผื ืขืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจืก;

ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืงืจืขื ืง (ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ ืึธื“ืขืจ C);

ื ื™ืจ ืงืจืขื ืง;

ื˜ื™ื™ืจื•ื™ื“ ื“ืจื™ื–;

ืžืึธื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก;

ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืจื™ื–, ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’;

ื“ื™ืกืขืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืœ ืคึผืขื ื›ืขืจ;

Rachiocampsis;

ืึทื“ื“ื™ืกืึธืŸ ืก ืงืจืขื ืง (ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื– ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจ);

ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืงืจืึทื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกื™ื˜ืฉืึธื˜ื™ืง ืขืคึผื™ืกืึธื•ื“ื–;

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื“. ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืึทื ืึทื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ืจื•ื’ืก. ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืขืก.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืคืขื“ืขืจืืœืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื™ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืึทื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงื™ื ื“. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื“ืจืึธืึทืœ ืกื™ื ื“ืจืึธื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท - ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜. ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื.

ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ืœืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™. ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜-ืคื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข.

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืงื™ื ื“.

ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข?

ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“. ืคืึทืœืฉ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืจื•ื’ืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก. ืงืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื•ืกืึทื“ื–ืฉ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื™ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง.

ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฆืขื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื ืึทืก ืคืœื•ื™ื“ืก. ื“ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืจื•ื’ืก. ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก (ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืง)

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืจืึธืงืกื™. ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ.

ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืึทืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ. ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืึทื ืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 2 ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืฅ ืคึผืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ืข, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืฅ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ, ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืงืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื™ื™ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ.

ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ื™ืคืขืงืฅ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ. ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ.

ืกื˜ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ืึธืจื˜.

ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ืึทืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืจืขืฆืขืคึผื˜.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ?

ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธื–ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืขืก. ื”ืึธืคึผืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงืึธื•ื™ื ืกื™ื™ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’. ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธื–ืข.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ื–?

ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก. ืึท ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.

ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก ืงืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืขื ื“ืจืึทื•ื–ื™ื ืึทืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืงืึทืœื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขืคึผื™ืง ื”ื•ื™ื˜, ื ืขืจืึธื•ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืœืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง, ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ (ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ).

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข?

ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก (ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืง). ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.

ื“ืขื ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืจืึทื˜ืขืก. ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ืื™ืจ.

ื–ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื’ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ (ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก (ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืง))

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื•ืœืึทื ืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึทืœืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ: ื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ืฉืึธืจื˜ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื, ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืœืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื ื™ื, ืœื™ืคืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึทืจืงืึธื˜ื™ืง ื“ืจื•ื’ืก, ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืขื ืึธืจืคื™ื ืข ืกื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืงืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš, ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ.

ืจื•ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™:

ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ืงืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’;

ืงืึธืคึผืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ, ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’;

ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ;

ืขืงืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืš, ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’, ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜, ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืคึผื™ืฉืขื›ืฅ, ืœื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืœื–, ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ื“ืึทืก (ื™ืขืœืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ).

ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ:

ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง;

ืึทื‘ื“ืึธืžื™ื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืขืงืœ, ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’, ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื•ื ื’;

ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื’ืœื™ื ื’;

ื˜ืฉื™ืœื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืกื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ื ื’;

ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜;

ื‘ืึทืงื™ื™ืง;

ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก, ื“ืขืคึผืจืขืกื™ืข;

ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ (ื™ื ืกืึทืžื ื™ืึท);

ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ื™ ื ืึธื–.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขืฆื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก.

ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš.

ื ืึธืจ ืœืึธื’ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ. ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืง, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืคึผื™ืฆืึท ืงืจืึธื. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืึธืจื˜-ืฆื•-ืงืึธืจื˜ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’, ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธืงื•ืจืจืขื ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืง ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ. ืงืึธืจื˜-ืฆื•-ืงืึทืจื˜ืœ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืึทืคึผืคึผืก: Fin.do ืึธื“ืขืจ Paysend, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’. ืื“ืื ืง.

ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ!
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