Matenda a shuga ndi owopsa komanso osakhalitsa pomwe thupi limalephera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yazakudya zomwe timadya. Matenda a shuga amakhala amitundu itatu; gestational, mtundu 1, ndi mtundu 2 shuga.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya matenda a shuga imasiyanasiyana, iwo ali ndi zinthu zofanana. Shuga ndi ma carbohydrate ochokera m'zakudya zomwe timadya zimagawika kukhala glucose omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mafuta a ma cell onse. Komabe, kuti thupi litenge glucose ndikuugwiritsa ntchito bwino, maselo amafunikira timadzi ta m'magazi totchedwa insulin. Mu matenda a shuga, thupi limalephera kupanga insulini yokwanira kapena limalephera kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe limapanga. Nthawi zina, ikhoza kukhala kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri.
Maselo amalephera kutenga glucose chifukwa amapitilira kuchulukana m'magazi. Glucose wa m'magazi okwera amatha kuwononga kwambiri mitsempha yamanjenje, mtima, maso, kapena impso. Choncho, matenda a shuga akapanda kuthandizidwa akhoza kuchititsa khungu, kuvulala kwa mitsempha, impso, mtima, ndi sitiroko.
Kusiyanitsa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga
Pofika posiyana, Pa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri, munthu amakhala ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi; komabe, awiriwa amasiyana malinga ndi chitukuko ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, mtundu wa matenda a shuga umene munthu amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri sudziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amaganiza kuti ngati munthu ali onenepa kwambiri ndipo sakubaya jekeseni wa insulin, ndiye kuti ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Mofananamo, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1 adzakhala ochepa thupi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti, izi sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse; pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 amakhala ndi thupi labwino akapezeka ndi insulin. Momwemonso, anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1 amathanso kukhala onenepa kwambiri.
Type 1 vs Type 2 shuga mellitus
Popeza mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda a shuga ndi yosadziŵika bwino komanso yosiyanasiyana, kudziŵa mtundu wa shuga kungakhale kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, kuganiza kuti munthu wonenepa kwambiri yemwe ali ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi amakhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 akhoza kukhala zolakwika chifukwa zomwe zidayambitsa matendawa zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a shuga 1.
Gwiritsani ntchito 1 shuga
Matenda a shuga omwe amadziwikanso kuti odalira insulini, mtundu woyamba wa shuga umayamba ali mwana. Ndi chikhalidwe cha autoimmune chomwe chimachitika pamene thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies kuti aukire kapamba. Popeza kapamba amawonongeka, sapanga insulini iliyonse.
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingayambitse matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Mwachitsanzo, zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha chibadwa. Momwemonso, zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin.
Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri zachipatala, ndipo zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yodutsa mu impso, minyewa, ndi maso. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha sitiroko ndi matenda amtima.
Njira yochizira matenda a shuga 1 imakhudza munthu kubaya insulin m'matumbo amafuta kudzera pakhungu. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amayeneranso kusintha kwambiri moyo wawo, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera zakudya zawo mosamala, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyeza shuga m'magazi pafupipafupi, kumwa mankhwala komanso insulin panthawi yake.
Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wokhazikika ngati amayang'anitsitsa shuga wawo m'magazi, kutsata dongosolo lamankhwala lomwe adapatsidwa, ndikupanga kusintha kofunikira pa moyo wawo.
Gwiritsani ntchito 2 shuga
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndipo ndi omwe amayambitsa 95% mwa akuluakulu. M'mbuyomu, mtundu wa 2 unkadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga achikulire, komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ana onenepa kwambiri komanso onenepa kwambiri masiku ano, achinyamata ambiri akudwala matenda amtundu wa 2.
Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amadziwikanso kuti osadalira insulini ndipo ndi matenda ocheperako poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyamba. , ndi impso ndipo ali ndi udindo wozidyetsa. Mofanana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, mtundu wa 1 umawonjezera chiopsezo cha sitiroko ndi matenda a mtima.
Pancreas, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, amatulutsa insulini yochulukirapo; komabe, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kosakwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi, kapena maselo amalimbana nazo. Kukana insulini uku kapena kusakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni a insulin kumachitika makamaka m'maselo a minofu, chiwindi, ndi mafuta.
Anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe amapitilira 20% ya kulemera kwawo koyenera malinga ndi kutalika kwawo ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 komanso zovuta zachipatala zomwe zimadza ndi matendawa. Anthu onenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala osamva insulini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kapamba ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuwirikiza kawiri, osachepera, kuti apange insulin yokwanira. Ngakhale zili choncho, insulin sikwanira kuwongolera shuga m'magazi.
Ngakhale kuti matenda a shuga alibe mankhwala, matenda amtundu wa 2 angathe kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, zakudya, komanso kuchepetsa thupi. Komabe, matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakula, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira mankhwala.
Mankhwala amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga
Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwamankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 komanso mtundu wachiwiri.
Actos (Pioglitazone)
Mankhwala, Actos amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya kuti apititse patsogolo shuga wamagazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Komanso, Actos itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena kapena insulin; komabe, siyoyenera kuchiza matenda amtundu woyamba.
Glucophage XR (Metformin XR)
Glucophage XR itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena limodzi ndi mankhwala ena kapena insulin pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Ndiwothandizanso pakuwongolera shuga m'magazi.
Njira zina zamankhwala matenda a shuga monga Alphatrak meterkit, Avapro (Irbesartan), Glucophage Metformin, Glucotrol XL Glipizide ER, Amaryl (Glimepiride), Janumet, ndi ena.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali kusiyana pokamba za mkangano wa matenda a shuga a Type 1 vs Type 2. Komanso, mankhwala amapezeka amitundu yonse awiri omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa moyo kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino.